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Beginning in the Fourth Congress, political power had consolidated into two formal political parties: The Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party ("Jeffersonian Republicans"). The Federalist Party attracted members who had previously been identified with the Pro-Administration faction label, including Presidents George Washington and John Adams and Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton. Federalists favored an active central government and the development of the national economy, while Democrat-Republicans favored a restrained government. The Federalist Party declined during the administration of Democrat-Republican President Thomas Jefferson and ultimately disbanded after their position against the War of 1812 proved unpopular. Vote defections by remaining Federalists and the dominance of the Democratic-Republican Party led to the decline of the "First Party System" and a period of ten or more years where party allegiances became increasingly unclear.