Parties > Party 328
About Independents
Warning! "Independent" refers to representatives and senators who are not affiliated with a party, rather than a political party called the "Independent Party". Estimates of median ideology of independents over time are highly unstable and unreliable. Some independent representatives or senators may "caucus" (work with) organized political parties, but Voteview.com does not maintain or display this information.
Party 328 ideology over time reset
Party 328 geographic control over time Animate
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