101st Congress > House > Vote 481
Clerk session vote number: 123
Description: AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990
Bill summary: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 - Title I: Employment - Prohibits discrimination by a covered entity (any employer, employment agency, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee) against any qualified individual with a disability in job application procedures, hiring or discharge, compensation, advancement, training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment.
Lists actions construed to be discrimination.
Allows: (1) actions that are job related and
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consistent with business necessity, if performance cannot be accomplished by reasonable accommodation; (2) a requirement that an individual not pose a direct threat to the health or safety of other individuals in the workplace; (3) requirements that an individual be a member of and conform to the tenets of a religious entity employer; and (4) an employer to refuse to assign any employee with an infectious or communicable disease of public health significance to a food handling job, provided specified alternative employment is provided.
Excludes from the term "qualified individual with a disability" an individual who is currently engaging in the illegal use of drugs. Allows a covered entity to take specified actions with regard to the illegal use of drugs and the use of alcohol in relation to the workplace. Declares that, for this title, a test to determine illegal use of drugs is not a medical examination.
Makes the remedies set forth in specified provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 available to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Attorney General, or any person alleging discrimination in violation of this Act.
Title II: Public Services - Subtitle A: Prohibition Against Discrimination and Other Generally Applicable Provisions
- Declares that no qualified individual with a disability shall be excluded from the participation in, denied the benefits of, or subjected to discrimination by a public entity (defined as a State, an agency, political subdivision, or other instrumentality of a State or States, the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, and any commuter authority as defined in the Rail Passenger Service Act).
Makes the remedies and rights set forth in specified provisions of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 available to any person alleging discrimination in violation of these provisions.
Requires regulations under this subtitle: (1) subject to exception, to be consistent with certain coordination regulations applicable to recipients of Federal financial assistance under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; and (2) to include standards for facilities and vehicles covered by this subtitle consistent with the minimum guidelines and requirements issued by the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (ATBCB).
Subtitle B: Actions Applicable to Public Transportation Provided by Public Entities Considered Discriminatory - Part I: Public Transportation Other Than by Aircraft or Certain Rail Operations
- Lists actions deemed to be discrimination with regard to: (1) public entities operating fixed route systems, with an exception for historic vehicles; (2) paratransit as a complement to fixed route service, with consideration given to undue financial burdens; and (3) public entities operating demand responsive systems.
Allows the Secretary of Transportation, in certain circumstances, to temporarily relieve a public entity from the obligation to purchase new buses that are accessible and usable by individuals with disabilities.
Lists actions deemed to be discrimination with regard to construction of new facilities or alterations of existing facilities, with special rules for rapid rail and light rail key stations, including an extension of deadlines for extraordinarily expensive structural changes.
Lists actions deemed to be discrimination with regard to public transportation programs and activities in existing facilities, with an exception for certain key stations. Requires one accessible car per train. Provides an exception for historic trains. Requires regulations under these provisions to include standards consistent with the minimum ATBCB guidelines and requirements.
Part II: Public Transportation by Intercity and Commuter Rail
- Lists actions deemed to be discrimination with regard to intercity and commuter rail. Requires one accessible car per train. Requires accessibility standards included in regulations under this part to be consistent with the ATBCB minimum guidelines.
Title III: Public Accommodations and Services Operated by Private Entities
- Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in the enjoyment of any place of public accommodation.
Lists actions construed to be discrimination.
Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in public transportation services provided by a private entity that is primarily engaged in transporting people.
Lists actions construed to be discrimination, with an exception for historic or antiquated rail passenger cars.
Establishes an advisory committee to assist the Office of Technology Assessment in studying the access needs of over-the-road bus service of individuals with disabilities.
Exempts from this title: (1) private clubs or establishments exempted from coverage under title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; and (2) religious organizations or entities controlled by religious organizations, including places of worship.
Makes the remedies and procedures set forth in specified provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 available to any person who is being subjected to discrimination on the basis of disability in violation of this title or who has reasonable grounds for believing that such person is about to be subjected to such discrimination. Declares that nothing in these provisions requires a person with a disability to engage in a futile gesture if the person has actual notice that a person or organization covered by this title does not intend to comply with its provisions.
Requires, for certain violations, injunctive orders to alter facilities and, in other circumstances as appropriate, injunctive orders to provide an auxiliary aid or service, modify a policy, or provide alternative methods.
Directs the Attorney General to investigate alleged violations of this title and undertake periodic reviews of compliance.
Provides for certification by the Attorney General that a State law or local building code or similar ordinance meets or exceeds the minimum requirements of this Act. Makes such certification rebuttable evidence that the law or ordinance meets or exceeds the requirements of this Act.
Authorizes the Attorney General to commence a civil action in any U.S. district court if there is reasonable cause to believe that any person or group: (1) is engaged in a pattern or practice of discrimination; or (2) has been discriminated against and the discrimination raises an issue of general public importance. Allows a court, in such an action, to: (1) grant equitable relief as appropriate; (2) award other relief including monetary damages to persons aggrieved when requested by the Attorney General; and (3) assess a civil penalty.
Requires any person that offers examinations or courses related to applications, licensing, certification, or credentialing for secondary or postsecondary education, professional, or trade purposes to offer the examinations or courses in an accessible place and manner or offer alternative accessible arrangements.
Title IV: Telecommunications
- Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to define "telecommunications relay services" to mean telephone transmission services that provide the ability for an individual with a hearing or speech impairment to engage in communication by wire or radio with a hearing individual in a manner that is functionally equivalent to the ability of an individual who does not have such an impairment.
Requires the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to ensure that interstate and intrastate telecommunications relay services are available, to the extent possible and in the most efficient manner, to hearing-impaired and speech-impaired individuals. Grants the FCC, in order to carry out these provisions, the same authority regarding intrastate common carriers as it has over interstate common carriers.
Requires each common carrier providing telephone voice transmission services to provide telecommunications relay services individually, through designees, through a competitively selected vendor, or in concert with other carriers.
Requires that relay services operate 24 hours a day, every day and that rates be no greater than for voice communications services.
Provides for certification by the FCC of State programs to implement intrastate telecommunications relay services.
Requires that any television public service announcement produced or funded in whole or part by any agency or instrumentality of the Federal Government to include closed captioning.
Title V: Miscellaneous Provisions
- Declares that a State shall not be immune under the 11th Amendment to the Constitution from an action in Federal or State court for a violation of this Act.
Prohibits retaliatory discrimination against any individual because of actions related to this Act. Prohibits coercion, intimidation, or interference with any individual in the exercise or enjoyment of, or on account of having exercised, or aided or encouraged others regarding, any right granted or protected by this Act.
Requires the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board to issue minimum guidelines to supplement the existing Minimum Guidelines and Requirements for Accessible Design, including guidelines regarding historic properties.
Allows the awarding of reasonable attorney's fees, in certain circumstances, in any action or proceeding under this Act.
Directs the Attorney General to develop a plan to assist entities covered under this Act, and other Federal agencies, in understanding their responsibilities under this Act. Authorizes specified Federal agencies to: (1) render technical assistance regarding rights or duties under this Act; and (2) make grants or award contracts with regard to the provision of technical assistance.
Directs the National Council on Disability to study and report on the effect that wilderness designations and wilderness land management practices have on the ability of individuals with disabilities to use and enjoy the National Wilderness Preservation System.
Declares that, for this Act, the term "disabled" or "disability" shall not apply to transvestites.
Provides for the application of this Act to the Senate, the House of Representatives, the Congress, and all of their instrumentalities. Declares that certain provisions of this Act and of the Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1989 applying provisions of each Act to the House of Representatives are enacted by the Congress as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the House of Representatives and may be changed as any other rule.
Declares that, for this Act and subject to exception, the term "individual with a disability" does not include an individual who is currently engaging in the illegal use of drugs.
Excludes homosexuality, bisexuality, and certain sexual behavior disorders, compulsive gambling, kleptomania, and other conditions from the definition of "disability."
Amends the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 to declare that, for title V of that Act and subject to exception, the term "individual with handicaps" does not include an individual who is currently engaging in the illegal use of drugs.
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Bill titles: To establish a clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disability.
Original source documents: Digest of the Congressional Record vol. 136, p. 2638;
Links for more info on the vote: congress.gov
